FIND DEFINITIONS FROM STRUCTURAL CLUES.
When you arebasked to determine the meaning of a word in the reading section, it is possible:
1. that the passage provides information
about the meaning of the word, and
2. that there are structural clues to tell
you that the definition of a word is included in the passage.
The followings outlines the key
information that you should remember aboutnstructural cluse to help you to
understand unknown vocabularies words :
1. How to identifies the question.
ü What is the meaning of
''X'' in line Y?
ü The word ''X'' in line Y
is closest in meaning to ......
ü The word ''Y'' in line Y could best be
replaced by.....
2. Types of clues.
ü punctuation (comma,
parentheses, dashes).
ü restatement (or, that,
is, in, other words, i.e.).
ü examples (such as, for
example, e.g.)
3. Where to find the answer.
Information to help you determine what
something means will generally be found after the punctuation clue, the
restatement clue, or the example clue.
4. How to answer the question.
ü Find the word in the
passage.
ü Locate any structural
clues.
ü Read the part of the
passage after the structural clue carefully.
ü Eliminate any definitely
wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.
Example
The passage
One of the
leading schools of psychological thought in the twentieth century is behaviorism-the
belief that the role of the psychologist is to study behavior, which is observable, rather than conscious or
unconscious thought, which is not. Probably the best-known proponent of
behaviorism is B.F. Skinner, who is famous for his research on how positive and
negative reinforcement influence behavior. He came to believe that positive
reinforcement such as praise, food, or money were more effective in promoting
good behavior than negative reinforcement, or punishment.
The question
In “behaviorism”
in line 2, a psychologist is concerned with
(A)
conscious thought patterns
(B)
unconscious thought patterns
(C)
observable actions
(D)
unobservable actions
The answer : C
DETERMINE
MEANINGS FROM WORD PARTS
When you asked to determine the meaning of a long word
that you do not know in the reading section, it is sometimes possible to
determine the meaning of the word by studying the word parts and how to teach word parts and meaning by using this
determining meaning from word parts lesson plan.
Determining
Meanings from Word Parts Lesson Plan Procedures
·
Prefix: a word part that is added at the beginning of another word
or word part
·
Suffix: a word part that is added to the end of another word or
word part
·
Base word: a complete word to which a prefix and/or a suffix may
be added. It can stand on its own.
·
Root: a word part to which a prefix and/or suffix may be added. A
root cannot stand on its own.
Explain that each part of the word
contributes to its meaning. By learning the meanings of common prefixes and
suffixes, we can figure out the meaning by just knowing the meaning of the base
word or root. That's why dictionaries often only define the base word (At this
point, think but don't say, "so quit asking me stupid questions during
vocabulary assignments!").
Give
examples. Use mine if you wish:
·
transcontinental: trans is
the prefix; continent is
the base word; al is
the suffix.
·
entrapment: en is
the prefix; trap is
the base word; ment is the suffix.
·
refortify: re is
the prefix; fort is
the root; fy is the suffix.
Example
The passage
Ring Lardner
was born into a wealthy, educated, and cultured family. For the bulk of
his career, he worked as a reporter for newspapers in South Bend, Boston, St.
Louis, and Chicago. However, it is for his short stories of lower middle-class
Americans that Ring Lardner is perhaps best known. In these stories, Lardner vividly creates the language and the ambiance
of this lower class, often using the misspelled words, grammatical errors, and
incorrect diction that typified the language of the lower middle class.
The question
The word
“vividly” in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A)
in a cultured way
(B)
in a correct way
(C)
in a lifelike way
(D)
in a brief way
The answer :
This
question asks about the meaning of the word vividly. To answer this
question, you should notice that the word vividly contains the
word partviv-, which means life. Answer (C) is therefore the best answer
to this question.
A SHORT LIST OF WORD PARTS
|
|||||
PART
|
MEANING
|
EXAMPLE
|
PART
|
MEANING
|
EXAMPLE
|
CONTRA
|
(against)
|
contrast
|
DIC
|
(say)
|
Dictate
|
MAL
|
(bad)
|
malcontent
|
DOMIN
|
(master)
|
dominant
|
MIS
|
(error)
|
mistake
|
JUD
|
(judge)
|
judgment
|
SUB
|
(under)
|
subway
|
MOR
|
(death)
|
Mortal
|
DEC
|
(ten)
|
decade
|
SPEC
|
(see)
|
spectator
|
MULTI
|
(many)
|
multiple
|
TERR
|
(earth)
|
Territory
|
SOL
|
(one)
|
Solo
|
VER
|
(turn)
|
Divert
|
TRI
|
(three)
|
triple
|
VIV
|
(live)
|
Revive
|
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